Regarding the 24p native Blackout patch - couldn't you just record in 60p with the reliability patch and drop that file into a 24p timeline/getting more initial data versus shooting 24p?
No, 24p resolution is 1920x1080, and 60p resolution is 1280x720, so 24p has noticeably better resolution. 24p is used for most normal recording, since it's the highest resolution. 60p is useful for slow motion.
A couple of things I'm not following with the Reliability Patch:
What is different from just manually inputting the higher values into Ptool/without the patch?
There are other Ptool settings, mostly under "For Testers Only" used to stabilize recording. They work well even though they're in the testing section.
Would the 24p Blackout patch be the best all-purpose for my situation; cover low light and bitrate?
In my opinion, the Blackout patch is best for that situation, since it's almost completely stable, and you're not going to be shooting the most stressful subjects from the codec's point of view.