To keep it simple
theres intra compression, which is intra(individual) frames
theres long gop which has intra frames and group of predicted frames in between intra frames.
why 50p is fine with same bitrate, explained a long time by barry green, its easier to predict more frames(60/50) per second because the movements from each predicted frames arent as drastic as 24/30 is.
well thats a short version.maybe someone smart outhereold explaian ellaborate version