Given that the HVX constantly records 60fps (I think: does the sensor still register 60 frames when recording in native mode?), does shooting higher or lower frame rates make any difference to noise, or the amount of light required to make exposure?
The camera does not always image at 60fps -- if it did, there would be no difference in the brightness of 24P vs. 30P in low light conditions.
So yes, the recording frame rate can and does affect noise. A slower framerate in low light will have less noise and be brighter than a faster framerate.
Are you sure THOFF if that is always the case ??? I thought the actual exposure time in each frame can be orders of magnitude faster than the framerate, maybe I am wrong???
Yes, a slower framerate with the same number of shutter degrees will be brighter than a faster framerate. You can test this quite easily by switching between 24P, 30P, and 60P.
At a standard 180 degree shutter angle, the scene is imaged for 1/2 the duration of each frame, so at the slower framerate light will hit the CCDs for a proportionally longer time and yield a brighter image.