How to make niche/subcultural films resonate.

I am still just kicking ideas around in my head (well, in my notebook) but I feel that now might be a worthwhile interval at which to gain some input from those with documentary experience. I would first like to cut some people off at the pass by saying I realize that a documentary film is a major undertaking but my timeline from now (just getting back into video after 15-or-so years) to the goal (lots of short and learning projects under my belt, first documentary film done) is measured in years and has many intermediate checkpoints to aim for first. Still, no harm at working on the planning process at this early stage.

The issue I am having stems from the topic I would like to explore for my first large documentary project. I have been keeping and breeding arachnids for the past decade or so. Due to my contemplative nature I have been curious as to what motivates people like myself to keep such pets and thought that I would turn my investigation of said topic into a documentary film. I feel that the film could be well received within the arachnid hobbyist community as certainly others I have spoken to have wrestled with the questions I would like to tackle. The "why" of it all as well as the various ethical issues raised by the hobby and how we chose to pursue it. I would also, however, like the film to hold appeal to those outside of the hobby. I think that the general public has a distorted view of the hobby and those involved and likely wonder "why" just as much as those involved. There is certainly some "meat" to this topic and I have found some interesting ideas in the psychology, sociology and philosophy literature though it is going to take me some time to properly pick through those areas given that my academic background is in biology with a focus on arachnology and ecology. Anyhow, the "meat" of the subject is what interested me in the first place so I have no problem with the idea of spending the next year or so picking through the literature, talking to the experts etc. to attempt to answer my questions from different perspectives. I also don't anticipate problems when it comes to securing interviews within the hobby community or beyond (I've got good connections not only in the hobby but also with professional arachnolgists, regulating agencies, legislators etc.)

My problem is deciding in what fashion I would like to present this film. I realize things will change throughout the process and I can't realy write the script -- but my intuition is that good prep now will increase my chances of a good product. Certainly the half-dozen or so books I've now read on the topic would seem to suggest that this is the case. I have not come up with a good approach, but I have identified several approaches I want to avoid:

- The vanity flick. I could just go around to my friends and colleagues and interview them and then cut it all together as talking heads with some breath-taking macro videos of the bugs. I'm sure this would play well within the community if only because we could gather on our respective couches around the world with our peers and popcorn and laugh and point and say "hey, that's Bob. He makes some good points" and "Wow. That's a nice shot of a A.miniatrix eating a cricket." This approach, however, certainly wouldn't play that well to the rest of the world who doesn't know Bob. It also wouldn't be a film worth re-playing and would quickly be forgotten.

- The "journey of exploration" flick. This is certainly what it is. It is my own questions I seek to answer first and foremost with the doc being a good byproduct. I don't, however, particularly fancy the idea of narrating it and I most definitely don't want to appear on camera. I'm sure my hand will be perfectly evident in the film but I don't want my name overtely on it at all save for the credits at the end. I have noticed, however, that this is one of the techniques that is used in the documentaries I've picked out recently as being outstanding. I've been watching a LOT of documentaries and the ones that have held my attention from start to finish have tended to be those in which the film makers have played something of a narration and on-screen role (Born into Brothels, Dear Zachary, Gasland .. though the last didn't measure up to the first two in my opinion). For my project I don't mind the odd bit of text to push it forward but I don't want to narrate and I don't want to be on screen. I would like the audio gathered in interviews to tie it all together. Basically, I want this to be a film about the questions and their answers .. not about my going about answering them.

- The TV doc "drama" flick. Unlike some of the more obvious documentary topics, there isn't a great deal of external conflict to be found here. About the only thing I could do is use the story of a friend of mine whose collection was seized by municipal animal control after he was reported by his ex-wife. It was personally tragic for him, to be sure, but is nothing like the scale of wrongful imprisonment, the wide-spread use of landmines or any of the other topics that have so much legitimate gravitas. Such an approach would do two things. Firstly, it would come off a bit like the cheap TV documentaries you see that take a half hour to tell the five minute story of a guy who was kicked by a cow. Starting with a re-creation with shakey camera work and uncertain outcome. Going through a series of talking heads who have some tangential connection to the case. Terminating with the revelation that he actually wasn't that badly hurt and had to stay off his feet for a couple days and that the cow was fine. The other thing it would do would smack of insincerity. If there is one thing that should quickly become evident to the general public in watching an honest representation of the hobby community it is that, in the end, we are just like you. This is one of my concerns -- in not relying on artificial sensationalism is the whole story going to end up being bland?

I liken it to the few documentaries I've seen on the traditional skinhead culture. In and amongst the huge number of documentaries on the boneheads (racist skins) there actually are a couple that deal with the original skinheads. I have found them boring as anything because they ultimately cover just normal blokes. There is nothing there to discover. A bit of history, maybe. Some archival footage of people having a laugh. They either fall into mediocrity or try to cover the racist vs. non-racist thing over and over and over and over again which just gets tedious. I find myself liking the soundtracks but usually just listening with my eyes closed or skipping through the interviews. I worry that my film with reveal very quickly that there is nothing really sensational about keeping spiders or scorpions .. but in doing so will lose the interest of those not involved in the hobby. In some ways, it is a bad community from which to try to extract some drama.

- The PR flick. Also parallel to the skinhead thing. When you are part of a misunderstood subculture it is so tempting to make a sort of "PR" film to educate the public and paint a pretty picture of the subculture. That is nice except that it is boring as anything to those within the subculture because we already know the basics. They also tend not to explore the deeper nature of the subculture for fear of mudding the water. I would love for people to come away with the understanding that tarantulas are far less dangerous than dogs or even cats. I still want to touch on the issue of smuggling within the hobby, though, and don't want to gloss over the fact that there are scorpions in the trade that are technically capable of killing a small child (as well as hundreds of species that are harmless).

- The "City Symphony" documentary. As I understand it, this means pretty pictures but no tension. I did watch a doc on the Toronto Symphony Orchestra (quite literally a city symphony doc .. as well as a metaphorical one as well, I would say), though, and while it did have a bit of PR/vanity flickness to it, was ultimately enjoyable and I sat through the whole thing. Likely helped out by the stunning soundtrack inherit to the subject matter. I could likely get a great soundtrack for my piece (I have enough friends in bands + my sister is a professioanl cellist touring the world doing chamber music) and I am sure I'll figure out stunning macro video soon enough (zoning in on it ... not there yet). Those two together still fall short of satisfying, though.

So any thoughts? I would be tempted to say there is no interest there -- but everyone I have pitched the general topic to has been really enthusiastic. Certainly the hobby tends to pique the interest of the general public and the issues I have questioned myself are also of interest to others in the hobby. Is this the problem? That I am trying to make a film to cover two disparate audiences? Or is it possible to do so successfully (I think so .. I don't care about fine art but found "My Kid Could Paint That" interesting even before the 60 minutes "twist.") I know this isn't the sort of project with deep social significance that is going to mobilize the world (and win Sundance in the process) but I don't know that that makes it a worthless project. Does anyone know of good documentaries that have successfully pulled off this sort of feat? Any that you have watched where you have absolutely 0 interest in the subject matter but still find yourself drawn in for the entire duration? Any suggestions for what one does to dig out a storyline to act as the spine of such a film? I have a few such ideas jotted in my notebook as well as some ideas for how this might fit into a three act structure. I'd love for suggestions -- either in terms of story or in terms of process -- that the film community can come up with. That is if anybody has the time to provide input after reading through this little novella of a post.

Cheers,
Dave
 
This is well thought out. I wish I had answers for you, or that more people read the documentary section instead of asking which camera, lens, or microphone to buy, but that's life. I love your categories of docs. Personally, I also find the aptly quoted "Journey of Exploration" flick to be the most intertaining.
 
This is well thought out. I wish I had answers for you,
Well, thank you for responding regardless. For a while I had entertained the idea I was typing to myself (not necessarily a bad idea .. often I can solve problems by writing them out as if to someone else .. but not in this case). You have, inadvertently perhaps, provided me with a potential methodology at this point. My "categories of docs" is not an exhaustive list but merely approaches I had considered. I should re-examine the various attempts at categorization presented in the various texts I have acquired and see if anything stands out as having been missed such as ...

Sounds like your trying to do an arachnid version of The Hellstrom Chronicle.
.... the semi-fictional mockumentary within a documentary (or is it the other way around). I can't use this film as a template as it diverges too far from my intentions .. but I definitely have to watch it through and feel there may be some useful ideas in there. Thanks for bringing it to my attention.

Cheers,
Dave
 
I think it would work best if it was driven by a "personality' or "character, " which it appears won't be you playing Michael Moore.

A personality would be on camera, asking questions (yours, and possibly, some of theirs), being curious, driving the narrative process.
Perhaps a quirky, outsider academic? Psychologist (exploring personality)? Sociologist (subculture)? But they would have to be a good fit for it to work.
Dry sense of humor? Witty? Compassionate?
They could interact with and interview collectors and maybe even one of their own peers (a fellow psychologist or sociologist).
If you have enough material from them and the subjects, you could tell the story with the on camera material.
If not, they could add VO to flesh out the story.

A character would be one of your peers- the Ultimate Hobbyist. Articulate. Comfortable on camera. They would supply you with the bulk of "why", which you could also supplement with minor characters who support and enhance (or contradict, for conflict) what the Ultimate Hobbyist has to say.

These are just a couple of possibilities out of many, but I wish you luck!
 
I find that the best way is to do some 'pilot' interviews of people involved with the subject you are exploring. Set up some interviews (at their location so they are comfortable) and do some standard talking head Q&A. Rehearse your questions but make sure you divert your questioning to follow any interesting and unexpected angles that emerge.

You may find a story 'thread' reveals itself during the pilot interviews, which will allow you to follow it more in depth once you have thought it through, and then come back to film the final documentary in the manner that best suits the story. I have filmed a number of short documentaries in this way (but the technique ought to work for longer stories too).
 
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BTW - I just filmed a short documentary for a nature competition in this way. I was constrained by the rules of the competition (you sign up, then they give you theme, you have three weeks to research, film & edit the story - the final film has to be between 2 to 3 minutes long). The theme for the competition was "Reptiles, Fish, Amphibians & Birds" to be interpreted in any way you see fit; sounds easy enough until you realize you only have 3 minutes to tell the story! I went for a story that dealt with human/animal interactions with unpopular animals - something you would be familiar with dealing with arachnids. I filmed this using the above technique - the 'unpopular' story thread emerged after doing some interviews, then I followed this up for all four animal groups to get a common theme. Obviously at 3 minutes in three weeks there is only so much that can be achieved, but I will probably go back to revisit some of the ideas from this to make a longer documentary in the future.
The video is here (password locked - but I can send it to you if you are interested in watching it):

http://vimeo.com/28144484
 
I think it would work best if it was driven by a "personality' or "character, " which it appears won't be you playing Michael Moore.
Indeed. I am no Michael Moore (ultimately a good thing, in my opinion, though I do enjoy some aspects of his films). I can say with absolute certainty that I will not be getting someone to play interviewer as it is a great strategy potential for a film but an absolutely horrid strategy given my MO at the moment. I do, however, like the idea of a single, overt storyline binding the thing together -- rather than a more subtle "spine." Unfortunately, I am hard pressed to think of ones that aren't either logistically difficult (involving another person -- neither my wife nor I -- who must be at a significant number of the shoots) or cheesy (aliens capture arachnoculturalists to study their behaviour). I'm sure there are plenty of other options out there that I simply haven't considered yet.

I did make some progress in that I considered that I could overlay the voices of several interviews where there is a commonality over top of staged scenarios which illustrate the underlying concept. I came up with some ideas along those lines that I think might work well .. but still need to be bound together into a unified film rather than a series of vignettes.

I find that the best way is to do some 'pilot' interviews of people involved with the subject you are exploring. Set up some interviews (at their location so they are comfortable) and do some standard talking head Q&A.
I'm actually already on this track. I did some preliminary audio-only interviews back in May. I have also now conducted a more complete interview with my entire kit (though I need to fine-tune my lighting still). I am in the process of arranging a few more interviews over the coming months and have actually got my first BIG figure penciled in for the end of October. I am definitely picking up common threads but nothing has stood out yet as being really good as an overlying story for the film. I'll see if the next few add up to get me there. I'm definitely glad that this strategy has worked for you, though, as it gives me confidence that I am on the right track.

Rehearse your questions but make sure you divert your questioning to follow any interesting and unexpected angles that emerge.
Strangely, I have found that I am actually pretty good at the actual interviewing. My mind has always worked on a couple tracks at a time. It has caused me immeasurable difficulties over the years .. but in this case it allows me to listen to what the person is saying but also keep the overall project in mind at the same time. So far I seem to be pretty good at figuring out when someone has said something but in a way that it is unusable and then phrasing the next question in a way to extract a more useable clip. It also seems to allow me to devise strategies. The last guy I interviewed I quickly figured out that if I asked a question I would get a very brief answer. When he stopped talking, however, if I just let there be a moment or two of akward silence then he would chime in to end the silence and that second response was always longer, more filled out, more interesting etc. So by question three I had this sorted and things went really well.

I shall PM you for the password to your video.

Cheers,
Dave
 
PM sent. I also included a link to another rough-and-ready documentary I filmed over one weekend, and was edited the next, as well as a trailer for a long documentary that is in production at the moment. Both were filmed with the same technique; the story evolved from initial interviews (and went in unexpected directions).
 
It will be interesting to see what approach you decide on, Dave- please keep us posted. What sort of running time are you shooting for?

Simon, could I get the password too, please? I'd love to see your doc. Thanks!

Though nothing like your subject matter or approach, this 2.5 min short doc I did back in '99 on the famous architect Morris Lapidus just got picked up for an Architecture Festival.
http://www.modestoarchfest.com/films.html

It's all in his words (getting complete sentence answers, so my questions weren't needed), and (to keep it under 3 min) tightly focused on his work. The difficulty was not looking for a thread, but simply deciding what not to use- I had too much good material.
I significantly tightened up his answers- he was very old and thoughtful, so I would cutaway as much as possible and turn :20 pause-filled answers into :08 answers.
I also threw out a playful question about the possiblity of him as a 96 year-old roller blader, and he bit- it added a nice moment of levity.

He died 2 years later, so this became a small piece of his history.
Hope you enjoy.

 
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It also seems to allow me to devise strategies. The last guy I interviewed I quickly figured out that if I asked a question I would get a very brief answer. When he stopped talking, however, if I just let there be a moment or two of akward silence then he would chime in to end the silence and that second response was always longer, more filled out, more interesting etc. So by question three I had this sorted and things went really well.

Yeah, that is very true. I noticed this on some other documentary I saw on TV (I think it was Werner Herzogs one set in Antarctinca). He would ask the question, then the answer would come. Awkward silence would follow, while the camera lingered on the subject (they were usually interviewed while they were doing their job). They would then continue to answer the question, or go back to work and kind of put on a 'show' for the camera. Very interesting reactions either way. Obviously with Werner Herzog documentaries he becomes part of the story, but the technique clearly works when you edit the interviewer out.
 
It will be interesting to see what approach you decide on, Dave- please keep us posted.
Oh, most definitely. Obviously I'll want to maintain a little bit of mystery as to the specifics .. but as soon as I have an idea what I'm doing I'll post it here. I've actually added the url of this thread to my "thanks" document. I learned a long time ago when you are doing a project of some length it pays to keep a little document in the working folder. Whenever someone says or does something that is helpful or you promise to send someone the final product then you note it in the document so you don't forget. Now when I go back, I will know to come back to this thread and post a link to the trailer/release/whatever. This is assuming this still isn't an active thread, of course. I'm very encouraged by the responses so far given how much negativity I've seen in the online video folks community.

What sort of running time are you shooting for?
I am thinking in the 30-60 minute range. Long -- but not feature long. Obviously the length will depend largely on the approach I take .. but I am skeptical that a project of this scope will take up less time. I have actually come to the conclusion that I will likely have to produce two films. One is the one I'm actively working on. The other will likely be an "extra" feature of all the talking heads. I don't know if I will put it together by person or topic but I know I am going to collect way more than I need in this process and that a lot of the material will be of great interest to a select group but compeltely disinteresting to the masses. I want to make the clever film for the masses but release the minutia as an appendix of sorts.

Though nothing like your subject matter or approach, this 2.5 min short doc I did back in '99 on the famous architect Morris Lapidus
Thank you for sharing. I actually think these short single-interview films work wonderfully as the subject matter is its own singular story. I don't know all of what you cut out but I agree that including the bit about the rollerblading was a good choice. Actually, this format has given me an idea for another project I'm working on which is much shorter and much more focused. Congrats at getting picked up by the festival.

but the technique clearly works when you edit the interviewer out.
Here's hoping, anyhow. I have another interview tomorrow with an absolute natural storyteller. I suspect it will be a matter of turning on the camera, saying hi and just shutting up. He should provide the rest. Anyhow, thank you for the films and trailer. I thoroughly enjoyed the one you've linked in this thread, of course -- but basically you had me at gaboon viper. :-D I felt that putting the four stories into the single film wasn't as elegant as the single-interview film. That being said, it wasn't jarring and there was definitely a common theme. You would have been hard pressed to link up all those stories in a more unified way given you had absolutely 0 spare time for transition. If you had had more time, how do you think you would have approached that problem? In many ways it is the same one I will face.

Cheers,
Dave
 
Here's hoping, anyhow. I have another interview tomorrow with an absolute natural storyteller. I suspect it will be a matter of turning on the camera, saying hi and just shutting up. He should provide the rest. Anyhow, thank you for the films and trailer. I thoroughly enjoyed the one you've linked in this thread, of course -- but basically you had me at gaboon viper. :-D I felt that putting the four stories into the single film wasn't as elegant as the single-interview film. That being said, it wasn't jarring and there was definitely a common theme. You would have been hard pressed to link up all those stories in a more unified way given you had absolutely 0 spare time for transition. If you had had more time, how do you think you would have approached that problem? In many ways it is the same one I will face.

Yeah, time was the real issue with that. I tried changing the music cues at each of the transitions (it worked on the first 2 transitions, but I couldn't get it to work on the last one). I have a version of the film that I have color graded aggressively where each of the 4 sections have very different color palettes, but in the end I just preferred the natural ungraded look. I thought it might not be obvious what the theme was (which is why I book-ended the title at the beginning and at the end). But in truth were it not for the competition I would never have tried to combine all 4 stories in such a short video - 45 seconds is just way too short for each one. I will probably revisit a couple of the subjects there (the snakes and the marabou storks) to see if I could make a longer documentary. The toads and the fish were obviously the weakest links, while Herbert the guide had the most interesting personality (very funny interviews with him and lots of stories).

With the short documentary about Pat the musician we were also constrained by a limit of 5 minutes. I had assembled a log of the shots I wanted, and the editor cut it together for us but we were still way over limit. I think the introduction and the ending suffered with the necessary cuts to get it down to 5 minutes. I have been meaning to revisit that documentary because I have hours of footage (and some of the very funny stories he told us), but I just never found the time to do it. I think that documentary could be fleshed out to 10 or 15 minutes (maximum).

Lastly, the trailer I sent you for the documentary about the Irish body builder/drunkard/womanizer - that was actually originally just meant to be a short film about a guy painting a picture (surprisingly). He had become unemployed after the recession, and decided he wanted to recapture his artistic skills (something he had forsaken when he joined the rat race during the economic boom years in the country). I agreed to film this ostensibly boring subject because I knew the guy would be interesting to watch (he has a huge ego, and a great personality). Sure enough we ended up carousing around the town instead, and the damn painting was never even started. I'm still waiting for him to finish the painting so we can finalize the documentary!

Best of luck, and keep us posted with your projects.
 
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