Could someone explain the various types of printing when duplicating DVD's? I am aware of Thermal Color and Silkscreen but what are the differences and how do any others I do not know of compare in quality and price?
Do you mean for at-home duplication or for actual out-sourced replication?
It's late, but I'll try to make sense to start things off:
Your basic choices for replication are screen and offset, with offset being your higher quality job. A screen print is usually for 2 or 3 color jobs that don't have hi-res graphics or gradients. Basically it would be text with maybe a few basic shapes or something. For that type of job you normally specify the spot colors you want since your print will consist of only those exact colors.
Offset prints are the higher quality stuff. Pull out any DVD you have with full color photos on it for an idea of what that looks like. You provide the hi-res 4-color (CMYK) art file and it gets printed on your disc somehwere around 150 - 180lpi I believe (don't quote me on that -- different companies offer different resolutions). Most places charge 2 - 3 cents extra per disc for white flood on an offset print. This means they coat your DVD in white ink before printing the graphics. That makes it more like printing on white paper (rather than printing on shiny silver). Otherwise, any white in your art file will be silver disc instead (which can be used as a neat effect in some cases).
All that said, you may very well be talking about options for printing on your discs at home... about which I have no good advice.