SMPTE and the ITU are the primary arbiters of cinema and video standards, along with the EBU, the ATSC, ARiB, AMPAS, DCI, etc.
Companies like Sony, Kodak, Red, etc often develop products that jump out in front of those standards. Sometimes those innovations help to set new standards, sometimes they get left behind when the standards bodies or the general market decide to go in some other direction.
A few of examples off the top of my head (and with extensive help from Wikipedia and Google):
A Kodak employee named Bruce Bayer developed the RGB sensor filter pattern that has become the defacto standard in single sensor digital still and motion picture cameras.
Kodak also developed the Cineon file format to support their early film scanners and film printers. Cineon was replaced in the market by DPX, which is an extended and updated version of the format, and by OpenEXR, a totally different format developed by ILM.
Sony developed an analog 1035i HD system that was made obsolete by digital 1080i and 720p HD systems.
Douglas Trumball has been attempting to raise cinema frame rates to 60fps for over 30 years with his Showscan system. The closest any major film has come is Peter Jackson's Hobbit films, shot and exhibited at 48fps.
The Cinemascope 2:1 anamorphic wide screen system was developed by 20th Century Fox and Bausch & Lomb in the mid 1950s. It quickly displaced Vistavision and pretty much killed competing formats like Cinerama and Todd AO in their cradles. Interestingly, the first anamorphic widescreen process was patented in 1926, so Fox couldn't patent Cinemascope. As a result, there are dozens of trade names for the same process, like Euroscope, Franscope, Hammerscope, Megascope, Shawscope, Sovoscope, Tohoscope, and Ultrascope. Panavision is an optically and mechanically refined lens that uses the same basic specs. A lot of Cinemascope branded pictures were shot with Panavision lenses.