Break this down to, "I am trying to learn about sound recording and know very little right now." This is cool but I am going to just skip over most of your direct questions (others can answer if they want) and give you the answer that will in turn teach you to fish for yourself.
It is writing in laymen's terms, can be read over a long weekend, and is comprehensive in laying down a foundation of understanding basic sound principles (like why you heard the kitchen in your bar shot).
After you have read that, you will have most of the answers to your questions.
Sorry if it sounded like I was trying to blow you off. It appeared you needed to start with a foundation of audio as apposed to get this mic over that mic type advice. No offense was meant.
But ok, we can plow thru these
1. Yes you can
2. K-tek ahs a whole line of boom poles under $999. Just need to choose a size, material type, and internal or external cabled.
3. 20' to 25 feet is a pretty standard length. If you have a mixer inbetween then you need at least 2 of these but the more the better. I have somewhere in the range of 15 standard XLR cables (including one from Mattinstl which I wholeheartedly recommend).
4. the shockmount and windprotection. Ktek just came out with a great budget zepplin you should look at.
5. This one is in Jay's book. Look in index under: Inverse square rule. Get the mic AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE. And do your best to control all other unwanted sounds. This would include having your party extras mime their background conversations, HVAC and refridgerators turned off, no music, etc.
6. I guess make sure it's set to 16 and not 12 bit.
7. Finish reading the book. Read thru the stickies in this forum. Try sorting the threads in audio forum based on views and read like the top 20 of them. Lots of juicy stuff in there. There are other forums on the net like DVinfo.net or DV.com (Jay Rose moderator over there). RAMPS and Jeff Wexler's new site are great places to browse but that is mostly pros talking to pros. They really would prefer not to have basic questions asked in there (they will sic Oleg on you ).
sidequestions:
1. all those are fine pieces of gear and will allow you to get better audio as your skills improve.
2. Don't get this gear at B&H. Just my opinion (many other will agree with this). Talk to one of the pro sound stores like Coffey, Trew, or Gotham Sound and you will get a better deal, gear that works together, and follow up help if you need it. B&H does not give a crap about you once they have you money and they aren't even that helpful before they get your money.
3. No clue. Give them a call and ask...Gives you a chance to see how helpful and polite they are there.
4. Depends on what you are doing, how much you can spend, etc. The top stickie in here has some kits to give you ideas. Some people started a thread on those "little extras" that should be in every sound kit (ie mole skin). Maybe someone will provide a link to that thread.
5. Again, forget B&H. Pro sound shops will meet B&H prices if you talk to them and will make sure you get the right gear. You do have to ask for the lower price but these are good people who want to help you get the most out of your gear.
6. Mixpre is fine. You find yourself with 2 wireless and a boom and you are gonna wish you had that third channel. Most scenes in narrative pictures that need wireless require a minimum of two. I would dump the Marantz, upgrade to the 302 and buy another wireless. Approximately the same budget.
http://www.gothamsound.com/main.shtml Call B&H and ask a few questions then call these guys and you will know who you want to do business with. They will get you the right G2 set up with the properly cabled B6. To get the best G2 for your needs, you will need to give them the location (ie Austin) where you primarily plan to use the wireless.
The reason you could hear the kitchen so clearly was the rear lobe. For optimal use shotguns are meant to be used in the vertical position, not horizontal on camera. In the horizontal position you are just attenuating the signal from the left, right, above and below. The sounds from behind you and BEHIND YOUR SUBJECT are not attenuated. I really think that is in Jay's book somewhere.
The only major things you seem to be missing is good solid wind protection and a decent hyper mic.
Good hyper choices have been discussed to death in here so do a search for all that info. For wind protection I think the new K-tek zeppelin is a pretty amazing deal (without having used it personally).